List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia
The Philadelphia skyline, prior to the construction of
Comcast Center, showing (from left to right) the Ritz-Carlton Philadelphia, Two Liberty Place, Centre Square I and II, One Liberty Place, the Mellon Bank Center, the Philadelphia City Hall, and the Bell Atlantic Tower
This list of tallest buildings in Philadelphia ranks skyscrapers in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by height. The tallest building in the city is currently the 57-story Comcast Center, which rises 975 feet (297 meters).[1] Comcast Center is currently the 14th tallest building in the United States. It was topped out on June 18, 2007, thereby becoming the tallest building in the city and the state.[2] Another famous Philadelphia skyscraper is One Liberty Place, which is the city's 2nd-tallest building and the 17th-tallest building in the country.[3] Six of the ten tallest buildings in Pennsylvania are in Philadelphia, with the remainder being in Pittsburgh.
Philadelphia's history of tall buildings is generally thought to begin with the 1754 addition of the steeple to Christ Church, which was one of America's first high-rise structures.[4] In the early 20th century, a broke the gentleman's agreement,[5] and since then Philadelphia has seen the construction of seven skyscrapers that eclipse the City Hall in height.
Philadelphia has twice held the tallest habitable building in North America, first with Christ Church, then with City Hall. Philadelphia City Hall reigned as the world's tallest building from 1901 to 1908,[6]. It is currently the world's second-tallest masonry building, only 1.6 feet (0.49 m) shorter[7] than Mole Antonelliana in Turin[8]. Like other large American cities, Philadelphia went through a massive building boom in the 1970s and 1980s, resulting in the completion of over 20 high-rise buildings. The city is the site of 11 skyscrapers at least 500 feet (152 m) tall.
Tallest buildings
One Liberty Place, with Two Liberty Place visible in the distance, Philadelphia's 2nd and 3rd-tallest buildings
Bell Atlantic Tower, Philadelphia's 5th-tallest building
Cira Centre, the city's 21st-tallest building
This lists ranks Philadelphia skyscrapers that stand at least 400 feet (122 meters) tall, based on standard height measurement;[9] this includes spires and architectural details but not antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. The only demolished building that would have ranked on this list was the 492-foot (150 m) One Meridian Plaza, razed in 1999.[10]
Rank |
Name |
Height
feet / m |
Floors |
Year |
Notes |
1 |
Comcast Center |
975 / 297 |
58 |
2008 |
Tallest building in Pennsylvania; 15th-tallest building in the United States, 55th-tallest in the world; tallest building completed in Philadelphia in the 2000s[1][11][12] |
2 |
One Liberty Place |
945 / 288 |
61 |
1987 |
Second-tallest skyscraper in the city and state; 19th-tallest building in the country, 62nd-tallest in the world; tallest building completed in Philadelphia in the 1980s[3][13][14] |
3 |
Two Liberty Place |
848 / 258 |
58 |
1990 |
35th-tallest building in the country, 121st-tallest in the world; tallest building completed in Philadelphia in the 1990s[15][16][17] |
4 |
Mellon Bank Center |
792 / 241 |
54 |
1990 |
47th-tallest building in the country, 187th-tallest in the world; also known as Nine Penn Center[18][19][20] |
5 |
Bell Atlantic Tower |
739 / 225 |
55 |
1991 |
89th-tallest building in the United States; also known as Verizon Tower[21][22][23] |
6 |
G. Fred DiBona Jr. Building |
625 / 191 |
45 |
1990 |
Formerly known as the Blue Cross-Blue Shield Tower and the IBX Tower[24][25][26] |
7= |
One Commerce Square |
565 / 172 |
41 |
1992 |
[27][28] |
7= |
Two Commerce Square |
565 / 172 |
41 |
1987 |
[28][29] |
9 |
Philadelphia City Hall |
548 / 167 |
9 |
1901 |
Tallest building in the United States and the world from 1901 until the completion of the Singer Building in 1908[30][31] |
10 |
The Residences at The Ritz-Carlton |
518 / 158 |
48 |
2009 |
[32][33][34] |
11 |
1818 Market Street |
500 / 152 |
40 |
1974 |
Tallest building completed in Philadelphia in the 1970s[35][36] |
12 |
The St. James |
498 / 152 |
45 |
2004 |
Tallest building located east of Broad Street[37][38] |
13 |
Loews Philadelphia Hotel |
492 / 150 |
36 |
1932 |
Known commonly as the PSFS Building.[39] Tallest hotel in the city. With its antenna included, the building reaches a total height of 750 feet (229 m), making it the 5th-tallest building in the city when measuring to pinnacle height.[40][41][42] |
14 |
PNC Bank Building |
491 / 150 |
40 |
1983 |
[43][44] |
15= |
Centre Square II |
490 / 149 |
40 |
1973 |
[45][46] |
15= |
Five Penn Center |
490 / 149 |
36 |
1970 |
[47][48] |
17 |
Murano |
475 / 145 |
43 |
2008 |
[49][50][51] |
18 |
One South Broad |
472 / 144 |
28 |
1932 |
Formerly known as the PNB Building[52][53] |
19= |
2000 Market Street |
435 / 133 |
29 |
1973 |
[54][55] |
19= |
Two Logan Square |
435 / 133 |
35 |
1987 |
[56][57] |
21 |
Cira Centre |
434 / 133 |
28 |
2005 |
Tallest building in Philadelphia located outside of Center City[58][59] |
22 |
1700 Market |
430 / 131 |
32 |
1968 |
Tallest building completed in the 1960s[60][61] |
23 |
1835 Market Street |
425 / 130 |
29 |
1986 |
Name was changed from Eleven Penn Center in 2003[62][63] |
24 |
Centre Square I |
417 / 127 |
32 |
1973 |
[64][65] |
25 |
Aramark Tower |
412 / 126 |
32 |
1984 |
Formerly known as One Reading Center[66][67] |
26 |
Wachovia Building |
405 / 123 |
29 |
1927 |
[68][69] |
27 |
One Logan Square |
400 / 122 |
31 |
1983 |
[70][71] |
* Indicates still under construction, but has been topped out.
Tallest under construction, approved and proposed
The Murano under construction in October 2007
This lists buildings that are under construction, approved, or proposed in Philadelphia and that are at least 400 feet (122 meters) in height. Under construction buildings that have already been topped off are also included.
The rank that each building will hold if it is completed is listed; however, this rank is not dependent on any other buildings that are not yet completed or topped off.
Name |
Height*
feet / m |
Floors* |
Year
(est.) |
Status |
Notes |
American Commerce Center |
01.01,510 / 460 |
63 |
2012 |
Approved |
Would become the tallest building in Philadelphia and the 3rd-tallest in the United States upon completion, as well as the tallest building east of Chicago and west of New York City, surpassing the Comcast Center.[72][73] |
Old City Harbor Tower II |
03.0636 / 194 |
37 |
2010 |
Proposed |
Would stand as the 6th-tallest building in the city upon completion. Planned to be the same height as Old City Harbor Tower III.[74][75] |
Old City Harbor Tower III |
04.0636 / 194 |
37 |
2010 |
Proposed |
Would stand as the 6th-tallest building in the city upon completion. Planned to be the same height as Old City Harbor Tower II.[76] |
Mandeville Place |
05.0607 / 185 |
41 |
2008 |
Proposed |
Would stand as the 7th-tallest building and the tallest all-residential building in the city upon completion.[77][78] |
Waldorf Astoria Hotel & Residences Philadelphia |
06.0585 / 178 |
48 |
2009 |
Approved |
Would stand as the 7th-tallest building in the city upon completion.[79][80] |
Trump Tower Philadelphia |
07.0528 / 161 |
45 |
2008 |
Proposed |
Would stand as the 10th-tallest building in the city upon completion.[81][82] |
Old City Harbor Tower I |
10.0435 / 132 |
42 |
2010 |
Proposed |
Would stand as the 20th-tallest building in the city upon completion.[83] |
The Horizon |
11.0409 / 125 |
37 |
2009 |
Approved |
Would stand as the 24th-tallest building in the city upon completion.[84][85] |
Parkway22 Tower I |
12.0407 / 124 |
35 |
2009 |
Approved |
Would stand as the 24th-tallest building in the city upon completion.[86][87] |
Cira Centre South Office Tower 13.0 |
|
40 |
2012 |
Approved |
Height figures have not yet been released.[88][89][90] |
* Table entry without text indicates that information regarding a building's height has not yet been released.
Timeline of tallest buildings
Philadelphia City Hall stood as the tallest building in the city for 86 years
Philadelphia has seen few city record-holders compared to other cities with comparable skylines. Christ Church, after being surmounted with its lofty spire in 1754, stood as its tallest building for over 100 years. Then, due to the "gentlemen's agreement" not to build higher than the top of the statue of William Penn atop City Hall,[5] that building stood as the city's tallest structure for 86 years; it also held the world record for tallest habitable building from 1901 until the 1908 completion of the Singer Building in New York City.
Name |
Street address |
Years as tallest |
Height
feet / m |
Floors |
Notes |
Christ Church |
20 N. American St. |
1754–1856 |
196 / 60 |
|
Robert Smith, architect[4][91][92] |
Tenth Presbyterian Church |
17th & Spruce Sts. |
1856–1900 |
250 / 76 |
|
John McArthur, Jr., architect.
The church's 150-foot (45 m) wooden spire was removed in 1912.[93][94] |
North American Building |
121 S. Broad St. |
1900–1901 |
267 / 81.4 |
21 |
James H. Windrim, architect[95][96][97] |
Philadelphia City Hall |
Broad & Market Streets |
1901–1987 |
548 / 167 |
9 |
John McArthur, Jr., architect[30][98] |
One Liberty Place |
1650 Market Street |
1987–2008 |
945 / 288 |
61 |
Helmut Jahn, architect[3][99] |
Comcast Center |
1701 John F. Kennedy Boulevard |
2008–present |
975 / 297 |
57 |
Robert A. M. Stern Architects[1][11] |
Sky-Scrapers of Philadelphia (1898).
|
Philadelphia skyline as seen from the old South Street Bridge in November 2007.
|
See also
- Buildings and architecture of Philadelphia
- List of tallest structures in the world by type of use
References
- General
- Specific
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Comcast Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=4894. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ↑ Cynwyd, Bala. 121 "L.F. Driscoll Co. tops out Comcast Center". L.F. Driscoll. http://www.lfdriscoll.com/news/article.php?id= 121. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "One Liberty Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1libertyplace-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Christ Church". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=christchurch-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "City Hall". PhillySkyline.com. http://phillyskyline.com/bldgs/cityhall/index.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ↑ "City Hall". GalenFrysinger.com. http://www.galenfrysinger.com/philadelphia_city_hall.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ↑ "Philadelphia City Hall, Philadelphia". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=178. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ↑ "Mole Antonelliana, Turin". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=19834. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- ↑ Maule, R. Bradley. "Philly's 50 tallest buildings". phillyskyline.com. http://phillyskyline.com/bldgs/50tallest.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "One Meridian Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1meridianplaza-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Comcast Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=comcastcenter-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
- ↑ "Comcast Center Overview". Liberty Property Trust. http://www.libertyproperty.com/comcast.asp?sel=0. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
- ↑ "One Liberty Place". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=133. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "One Liberty Place". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010031. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Two Liberty Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2libertyplace-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Two Liberty Place". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=206. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Two Liberty Place". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010034. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Mellon Bank Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=mellonbankcenter-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Mellon Bank Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2319. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Mellon Building". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010032. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Bell Atlantic Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bellatlantictower-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Bell Atlantic Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=323. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Verizon Tower". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010030. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "G. Fred DiBona, Jr. Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=gfreddibona,jcoronelbuilding-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "G. Fred DiBona, Jr. Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=419. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Independence Blue Cross Tower". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010035. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "One Commerce Square". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1commercesquare-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Commerce Square". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=282. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Two Commerce Square". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2commercesquare-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Philadelphia City Hall". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=cityhall-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ↑ "Philadelphia City Hall". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=178. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Residences at the Ritz-Carlton". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=30855. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Residences at the Ritz-Carlton, Philadelphia". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=residencesatstreetritzcarlton-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ AGC Partners, LC and Gencom Group (January 13, 2009). "The Residences at The Ritz-Carlton, Philadelphia Is Now Open" (PDF). Press release. http://www.philadelphiaresidences.com/pdfs/01.13.09%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
- ↑ "1818 Market Street". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1818marketstreet-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "1818 Market Street". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=424. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "The St. James". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=streetstreetjames-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "The Saint James". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3775. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ Dupré, Judith (1996). Skyscrapers. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc.. pp. page 41. ISBN 1-884822-45-2.
- ↑ "Loews Philadelphia Hotel". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=loewsphiladelphiahotel-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Loews Philadelphia Hotel". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=425. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "PSFS Building". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0002375. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "PNC Bank Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=pncbankbuilding-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "PNC Bank Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2378. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Centre Square II". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=centresquareii-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Centre Square II". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=455. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Five Penn Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=5penncenter-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Five Penn Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=6834. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "The Murano". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=streetmurano-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "The Murano". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=38663. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ Kostelni, Natalie (November 11, 2005). "Murano will heighten West Market's residential thrust". Philadelphia Business Journal. http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2005/11/14/story6.html. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
- ↑ "One South Broad". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1southbroad-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "One South Broad". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=4129. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "2000 Market Street". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2000marketstreet-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "2000 Market Street". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=457. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Two Logan Square". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2logansquare-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "2 Logan Square". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5295. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Cira Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=ciracentre-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Cira Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5270. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "1700 Market". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1700market-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "1700 Market". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=454. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "1835 Market Street". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=1835marketstreet-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "1835 Market Street". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7277. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Centre Square I". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=centresquarei-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Centre Square I". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=456. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Aramark Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=aramarktower-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Aramark Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=453. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Wachovia Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=wachoviabuilding-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Wachovia Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=9221. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "One Logan Square". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1logansquare-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "1 Logan Square". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=4624. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "American Commerce Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=americancommercecenter-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
- ↑ "American Commerce Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=147514. Retrieved 2008-03-14.
- ↑ "Old City Harbor Tower II". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=oldcityharbortowerii-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "Old City Harbor Tower III". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=oldcityharbortoweriii-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "Old City Harbor Tower III". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=oldcityharbortoweriii-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Mandeville Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=mandevilleplace-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "Mandeville Place". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=37107. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "1441 Chestnut". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=1441chestnut-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "1441 Chestnut". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5100. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Trump Tower Philadelphia". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=trumptowerphiladelphia-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "Trump Tower Philadelphia". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=47217. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Old City Harbor Tower (Residential)". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=oldcityharbortowerresidential-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "The Horizon". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=streethorizon-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "The Horizon". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=24674. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Parkway22 Tower I". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.info/en/wm/bu/?id=bestwesterncondominiumredevelopmentphasei-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ↑ "Parkway22 Tower I". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=47216. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Cira Centre South Office Tower". emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=ciracentresouthofficetower-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- ↑ "Cira Centre South". University of Pennsylvania. http://www.pennconnects.upenn.edu/find_a_project/planned/planned_a_to_f/cira_centre_south_overview.php. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
- ↑ Shields, Jeff. "Cira Centre South project gets Council panel's OK". Philly.com. http://www.philly.com/philly/news/local/20071018_Cira_Centre_South_project_gets_Council_panels_OK.html. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
- ↑ Avery, Ron (1999). A Concise History of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Otis Books. pp. page 27. ISBN 0-9658825-1-9.
- ↑ Christ Church at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
- ↑ Barfield, Jennifer; Dot Boersma and Matthew White (September 25, 2005). "Architecture". Tenth Presbyterian Church (Presbyterian Church in America). http://www.tenth.org/index.php?id=144. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- ↑ Tenth Presbyterian Church at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
- ↑ North American Building at emporis.com
- ↑ North American Building at SkyscraperPage.com
- ↑ North American Building at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
- ↑ "City Hall". A View On Cities. http://www.aviewoncities.com/philadelphia/cityhall.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ Terranova, Antonino (2003). Skyscrapers. Vercelli, Italy: White Star S.r.l.. pp. pages 153–154. ISBN 0-7607-4733-4.
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